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DongbulaThis is a plucked stringed instrument of the Kazak ethnic group. The sound box, which can be either flat or shaped like a gourd, is made of wood. The neck is long and slender, and on it are eight or ten place marks made of inlaid mother-of-pearl. There are two strings, with a four- or five-octave range. The basic method of playing is to use a plucking technique for heavy beats and a twanging technique for light beats. A favorite art form among the Kazak people is the singer accompanying himself on the dongbula. A person who can make up extemporaneous songs while playing the dongbula is called an aken, which means a wandering minstrel. Melodies are divided into singing types and speaking types, and the rhythm is a mixture of beats.
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