On October 1, 1949 a grand ceremony was witnessed by 300,000 people in
Beijing¡¯s Tiananmen Square, and Mao Zedong, chairman of the
Central People¡¯s Government, solemnly proclaimed the founding
of the People¡¯s Republic of China (PRC).
During the initial post-Liberation period, the Chinese government successfully
carried out land reform in areas accounting for over 90 percent of the
total national agricultural population, and 300 million farmers were granted
approximately 47 million ha of land. Amazing achievements were made during
the First Five-Year Plan period, from 1953 to 1957. The average annual
increase rate of the national income reached over 8.9 percent. China established
basic industries necessary for full industrialization hitherto non-existent
domestically, producing airplanes, automobiles, heavy machinery, precision
machinery, power-generating equipment, metallurgical and mining equipment,
high-grade alloy steels and non-ferrous metals.
The ten years from 1957 to 1966 was the period in which China started
large-scale socialist construction. Though China suffered from the mistakes
in its policies during the period, it also accomplished a great deal.
The nation¡¯s total industrial fixed assets quadrupled between
1956 and 1966 and the national income increased by 58 percent in constant
prices. The output of essential industrial products increased by several
or even a dozen times. Large-scale agricultural capital construction and
technical transformation got underway. Unfortunately, the ¡°cultural
revolution,¡± which lasted for ten years (May 1966-October
1976), made the state and its people suffer the most serious setbacks
and losses since its founding.
The Jiang Qing counter-revolutionary clique was smashed in October 1976,
marking the end of the ¡°cultural revolution,¡±
and the beginning of a new era in Chinese history. The CPC reinstated
Deng Xiaoping, previously general secretary of the CPC, in all the Party
and governmental posts he had been dismissed from during the ¡°cultural
revolution.¡± In 1979, China instituted a guiding policy
of ¡°reform and opening to the outside world¡±
under Deng¡¯s leadership, and the focus was shifted to modernization.
Major efforts were made to reform the economic and political systems.
China was step by step establishing a road with Chinese characteristics,
a road that would lead to socialist modernization. Profound changes have
come about in China since the country embarked on the policy of reform
and opening-up. The situation in the country is the best ever, characterized
by a swiftly and vigorously advancing economy and markedly improved living
standard.
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1913 information sides over China in German as well as 1029 sides in English.
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