The May 4th Movement of 1919 is regarded as the ideological origin of
many important events in modern Chinese history. Its direct cause was
the unequal treaties imposed on China after the First World War. Out of
strong patriotism, students initiated the movement, and it further developed
into a national protest movement of people from all walks of life. It
also marked the introduction into China of various new ideologies, among
which the spread of Marxism-Leninism was worthy of special mention. Under
the influence of Russia¡¯s October Revolution of 1917, 12 delegates,
including Mao Zedong, representing communist groups in different places
throughout the nation, held the First National Congress in Shanghai in
1921 to found the Communist Party of China (CPC).
The Chinese people led by the CPC underwent successively the Northern
Expeditionary War (1924-27), War of Agrarian Revolution (1927-37), War
of Resistance Against Japan (1937-45) and War of Liberation (1946-49).
Owing to the cooperation and joint resistance of the CPC and Kuomintang
the Japanese aggressors were defeated. But shortly after the anti-Japanese
war, the Kuomintang launched a civil war again. After the three-year War
of Liberation led by the CPC, the Kuomintang government was finally overthrown
in 1949.
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