This ethnic minority is distributed across seven banners (counties) in
the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and in Nahe County of Heilongjiang
Province, where they live together with Mongolians, Daurs, Hans and Oroqens.
The Ewenki people have no written script but a spoken language composed
of three dialects belonging to the Manchu-Tungusic group of the Altai
language family. Mongolian is spoken in the pastoral areas while the Han
language is used in agricultural regions. The Ewenki Autonomous Banner,
nestled in the ranges of the Greater Hinggan Mountains, is where the Ewenkis
live in compact communities. A total of 19,110 square kilometers in area,
it is studded with more than 600 small and big lakes and 11 springs. The
pastureland here totaling 9,200 square kilometers is watered by the Yimin
and four other rivers, all rising in the Greater Hinggan Mountains.
Nantunzhen, the seat of the banner government, is a rising city on the
grassland. A communication hub, it is the political, economic and cultural
center of the Ewenki Autonomous Banner.
Large numbers of livestock and great quantities of knitting wool, milk,
wool-tops and casings are produced in the banner. Some 20-odd of these
products are exported. The yellow oxen bred on the grassland have won
a name for themselves in Southeast Asian countries. Pelts of a score or
so of fur-bearing animals are also produced locally.
Reeds are in riot growth and in great abundance along the Huihe River
in the banner. Some 35,000 tons are used annually for making paper. Lying
beneath the grassland are rich deposits of coal, iron, gold, copper and
rock crystal.
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