Kunming 昆明市 - Western Hills 西山

Located approximately 15 kilometers from Kunming, the Western Hills spread out across a long wedge of parkland on the western side of Lake Dianchi. The hills’ undulating outline is thought to resemble a reclining woman with tresses of hair flowing into the sea. Therefore, they are also known as the “Sleeping Beauty Hills.” A touching story about the hills and the lake is very popular among the locals—a young woman who was waiting for her beloved family wept every day and eventually her tears converged into a huge lake, which was later known as Lake Dianchi. At the foot of the hill is Huating Temple. Once a country villa constructed by a royal Dali family during the Song Dynasty, it became a temple in the 14th century, and was extended in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The temple boasts some excellent gardens and fine statues, such as two jade Buddha statues presented by Burmese (present-day Myanmar) Buddhists, a gilded statue presented by Thai Buddhists and a copper statue of Zhunti, a deity with three eyes and 18 arms. A garden of stupas is located in a corner of the temple grounds. About 10 stupas were built to commemorate deceased senior monks at the temple. More interesting is the two-storey Haihui Tower that has been home to the spirits of many deceased since the early 1900s. On weekends and over traditional festivals, many locals bring flowers, fruits and incense to worship their ancestors or pay respects to family members. Because of the ideal location of the temple—nestled in the mountains and facing Dianchi Lake, many locals pick the temple for burying the cremated remains of family members. Stepping into the first floor of the tower, the tourist almost loses his/her breath and feels that the tourist is venturing into a different world—rows of cinerary urns looked ghastly in dim light generated by a few weak bulbs. Built in the Yuan Dynasty, Taihua Temple houses a fine collection of flowering trees, including magnolias and camellias. The temple, an ideal place to appreciate the sunrise, attracts many prestigious figures in Chinese history, such as Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. Between Taihua Temple and Sanqing Taoist Temple near the summit is the Tomb of Nie Er聂耳(1912-1936), who was a talented Yunnan musician . Nie Er composed the national anthem before drowning in Japan en route to the Soviet Union for further training. A cable car is available for tourists and can carry them to the summit. On top of the hill lies Sanqing Temple and it was once a country villa for a prince in the Yuan Dynasty and then was turned into a temple dedicated to the three main Taoist deities. Thirteen ancient wooden structures built on the precipitous cliff are very impressive. Further up the temple is Dragon Gate, the largest attraction in the Western Hills. Sculptures, corridors, pavilions and a group of grottoes, including the biggest one in Yunnan Province, are hacked out of the cliff. The first grotto—Phoenix Cliff Grotto, also called “old rock cave”—was completed during the Ming Dynasty and features a mythological phoenix with spread wings. Between 1781 and 1835, Taoist monk Wu Laiqing and his co-workers continued to dig a corridor and Ciyun Cave from the cliff. A few years’ later, some local people joined the efforts. But the cost was much greater than they expected. Dragon Gate and the Datian Temple, also called “new rock cave,” only were finished 72 years later. It is said that a craftsman who spent over 20 years on carving a nearby statue carelessly made a mistake while makin finishing touches and became so frustrated that he jumped off the cliff. The tunnel along the outer cliff edge is so narrow that only two persons can squeeze by at a time. The vista is fabulous—the water is teased by the wind and sparkled in the sunshine like a huge diamond. The lake is a long one—about 150 kilometers in circumference, approximately 40 kilometers from north to south, and covering 300 square kilometers. The northern shoreline of the lake is dotted with settlements and farms. The lake extends southward to the horizon. From 1999 to 2000, some 16 billion yuan (US $ 1.928 billion) was spent on environmental protection for Tianchi Lake.

Kunming hosted the China kunming International Horticultural Exposition from ’99 May 1 to October 31, 1999. Sixty-nine countries and 26 international organizations brought exhibits to the gardening gala. More than 9.4 million overseas and domestic travelers visited the exposition.

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