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An Introduction to Hubei Province 湖 北 省 简 介 Abbreviation: E鄂
Hubei Province is situated in the central part of China with the Yangtze River winding its way through the province. The Hanshui River, the Yangtze River’s largest tributary, flows from northwest through the province. The land of Hubei, beautiful and fertile, boasts its long history, and rich heritage. Wuhan, Jingzhou, and Xianfan the famous Chinese historical and cultural cities and four state protected scenic areas the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River. Mount Wudang, East Lake and Mount Dahongshan are all proud to be iin Hubei, offering abundant natural beauties and historical interest. Hubei province has six pillar industries, including high-tech, modern processing, raw materials, hydropower, culture and tourism industries and modern agriculture. The province is located at the hub of the communication network from Beijing to Hong Kong, and Shanghai to Chongqing, in other words, from north to south, and from east to west. Hubei has many excellent facilities and high-class accommodations of every type for the tourist. Wuhan is actually the name given to three closely linked cities: Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang. These three cities were physically connected in 1957 when the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, the first bridge across the Yangtze, was completed. The city’s central location in China has made it an important hub of transportation by air, land and water making it convenient for the tourist to go to any other city both inside and outside Hubei. The Three Gorges Cruise Tour, Mount Wudang Taoist Cultural Tour and Ancient Three Kingdom Tour have already started here. Dongpo Red Cliff 东坡赤壁 On the north bank of the Yangtze River, just west of Huangzhou Town, is the Red Cliff of Su Dongpo. On its summit are pavilions and halls dedicated to Su Dongpo (1037-1101), one of China’s great poets. Having passed the imperial examinations at the age of 20, he held various important scholarly posts in the Northern Song capital of Bian (now Kaifeng) but fell from grace when he criticized new law reforms. After imprisonment, he was demoted to the status of assistant commissioner to the Huangzhou militia. He lived in considerable hardlife with a household of 20 members, tilling a few acres of land himself. The Red Cliff became one of this favourite haunts, and he and his guests, boating beneath the cliff, would compose poetry, drink wine, admire the moon and carouse all night long. In the Qing Dynasty this cliff was named Dogpo Red Cliff to distinguish it from the other red cliff that was the scene of a battle in the Three Kingdoms period (220-265). The Qing-dynasty halls contain examples of Su Dongpo’s beautiful calligraphy, poems, essays and paintings carved on both stone and wooden tablets. Jiuliandun Mausoleum 九连墩墓 On December 23, 2002, archaeologists discovered a set of chime bells in the No 2 ancient tomb of the Jiuliandun Mausoleum, which was built during the Warring States period (475-221 BC) in Zaoyang of Hubei Province. The mausoleum comprises nine large and medium-sized tombs, extending about 3,000 meters from north to south. Archaeologists have unearthed several sets of chime bells in the No 1 tomb of the mausoleum since it was discovered in September 2002, and the investigation of the mausoleum owner is still underway. The chime bells were a special musical instrument in ancient China. New Finds From the Ming Imperial Tomb 明陵新发现 The recent excavation of a tomb in Hubei Province is said to be China’s most significant archaeological find of the Ming Dynasty after that of the Ming Tombs on the outskirts of Beijing. The excavation just concluded in Zhongxiang—some 200 kilometers from Wuhan—revealed some 5,100 precious funerary objects with over 10 kilograms of gold articles and 3,400 pieces of jewellery. The relics still galeam like new. Underground water can be seen in some parts of the tomb, which is not equipped with the drainage systems that most other imperial Ming tombs had. The tomb’s occupant, Prince Liangzhuang was the ninth son of Emperor Hongxi (1425). The prince died of illness in 1441. The princess was buried with him 10 years later. Five gem-covered crowns were unearthed from the tomb. The largest is 4.8 centimeters high and 5.2 centimeters in diameter and is inlaid with nine precious stones of different colours. China has only opened one of the 13 Ming tombs in Beijing for archaeological excavation. Zhongxiang has been known as a granary for over 2,000 years. The Xianling Tomb the tomb of Emperor Jiaqing’s father named Zhu Youyuan朱佑沅(1476-1519) of the Ming Dynasty in Zhongxiang City湖北省钟祥市明显陵（俗称皇陵）was included on the World Heritage List of UNESCO in 2000. Wudang Mountain 武当山 This famous Taoist mountain lies in Danjiangkou City丹江口市with a circumference of 400 kilometers. Within the mountain, there are such scenic spots as 72 piaks, 24 streams, 11 caves, 3 pools, 9 springs, 10 ponds, 9 wells, 10 rocks and 9 terraces. Here is an enormous ancient architectural complex including eight palaces八宫, two temples二观, thirty-six nunneries三十六庵堂, seventy-two grotto temples七十二岩庙, thirty-nine bridges, and twelve pavilions, all of which are stretched along the 30-odd-kilometer-long mountain path绵恒三十余公里山路. Most of these buildings were built during Emperor Yong Le’e reign (1403-1424) of the Ming Dynasty and are still well preserved. More than 300,000 soldiers and civilians were involved in the massive construction on the mountain. On the highest point, Tianzhu Peak天柱峰, which is 1,612 meters above sea level, is a majestic “Golden Hall金殿” cast in copper and gilded with gold and beautifully carved. It is indeed a rarely seen immense copper building.
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